Blue People of Troublesome Creek :: essays research papers

The Blue people of Troublesome Creek, sounds like a title of fiction noel, scarcely the Blue Fugates were no fictional characters, but they were real humans that traveld not too far from where we are today. The Blue Fugates were a very close family live on the banks of eastern Kentuckys Troublesome Creek. Martin Fugate, a French orphan settled in Troublesome Creek and astonishingly Martin somehow managed to find a woman who carried the same, very rare indisposition. The disease, later discovered, was methemoglobinemia, a very rare heredity blood disorder caused by an inheritance of a divisor as a simple recessive allele. What one wonders after hearing ?blue people? is if they were actually really blue in color? Well the answer is yes and no. Some of these people were, in fact, blue, but they were not completely covered with bright blue skin from head to toe. Although there were some cases though where about of an individual?s skin was blue, but for the most of them it w as usually just their extremities and/or lips and parts of their face. Their color wasn?t completely blue but had to a greater extent of just a bluish tint. It was not a bright blue like you are used to seeing but more or less(prenominal) of an ashen grayish that was mildly bluish in appearance but nevertheless they were ?blue,? some more than others.Since methemoglobinemia is a disease caused by a gene inherited as a recessive allele. To get the disease, one would have to inherit two genes, meaning one from each parent. Some of the Fugates children had just that and they had the disease while some were just carriers of the disease. Methemoglobinemia cases were significant among Alaskan Eskimos and Native Americans. The Eskimos and Native Americans were both inclusive groups that didn?t interact much with what was outside their worlds. The Blue hatful fit that category well because they were a very small community and since they all lived close together in small area, most o f them isolated themselves from the outer(prenominal) world. That in turn, often led to interbreeding, where Fugates would marry other Fugates, or their neighbors, which could and very well may have been their cousins. The interbreeding kept the disease alive and banquet it throughout the small community. Methemoglobinemia has no serious, life threatening effects and an individual who has the disease can live a normal healthy life.

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac :: essays research papers

" carnal Laws should have mathematical beauty." This statement was Diracsresponse to the question of his philosophy of physics, comprise to him in Moscow in1955. He wrote it on a blackboard that is still preserved today.1     Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (1902-1984), known as P. A. M. Dirac, was thefifteenth Lucasian Professor of maths at Cambridge. He shared the NobelPrize for Physics in 1933 with Erwin Schrodinger.2 He is considered to be thefounder of quantum mechanics, providing the transition from quantum theory. TheCambridge Philosophical Society awarded him the Hopkins palm tree in 1930. He wasawarded the Royal Medal by the Royal Society of London in 1939 and the JamesScott Prize from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1952 the Max Plank Medalcame from the Association of German Physical Societies, as well as the CopleyMedal from the Royal Society. The Akademie der Wissenschaften in the GermanDemocratic Republic presented him with the Helmholtz Medal in 1964. In 1969 hereceived the Oppenheimer Prize from the University of Miami. Lastly in 1973, hereceived the Order of Merit.3     Dirac was well known for his almost anti--social behavior, but he was a constituent of many scientific organizations throughout the world. Naturally, he wasa member of the Royal Society, but he was also a member of the Deutsche Akademieder Naturforsher and the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was a foreign memberof Academie des Sciences Morales et Politiques and the Academie des Sciences,the Accademia delle Scienze Torino and the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei andthe National Academy of Science. He was an honorary member and fellow of theIndian Academy of Science, the Chinese Physical Society, the Royal Irish Academy,the Royal Society of Edinburgh, the National Institute of Sciences in India, theAmerican Physical Society, the Tata Institute for Fundamental Research in India,the Royal danish pastry Academy, and the Hungarian Academ y of Sciences. He was acorresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences.4 The world wide respecthe earned for his work was well deserved.     A prolific writer, Dirac create over two hundred works between 1924and 1987, mainly papers in physics journals on topics relating to quantummechanics. His book Principles of Quantum Mechanics , promulgated in 1930, was thefirst textbook in the discipline and became the standard.5 Some predictionsmade by Dirac are still untested because his theoretical work was so furthermostreaching, but many other predictions have been verified, assuring him of aspecial place in the history of physics.6     Dirac was three years old when Einstein published his famous papers on

The Death Penalty Is Dead Wrong :: Capital Punishment

Why the death Penalty is Dead WrongMost people argue that the death penalty is not a form of cruel andunusual punishment. However, this is extremely inaccurate. Electric chairvictims can take up to 14 minutes to die, maintaining full consciousness astheir physical body begins to scorch and burn off. During lethal injection, "even aslight error in dosage or administration can leave a prisoner consciousbut paralyzed with pain, serving as a witness for his own demise." Thefollowing is an eye witness account of an Arizona gas domiciliate execution givenby Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens "When the fumes enveloped Donshead he took a quick breath. A a couple of(prenominal) seconds later, he looked again in mydirection. His face was red and contorted as if he were attempting to fightthrough tremendous pain. His mouth was pursed shut and his jaw was clutchtight. Don then took several more quick gulps of the fumes. His bodystarted convulsing violently and his skin tur ned a deep red...the viens in histemple and neck began to down until I thought they might explode. After abouta minute, Dons face leaned partially forward, but he was still veryconscious. He was shuddering uncontrollably and his body was racked with spasms.His head continued to snap bottom. His fists were clenched tightly. Afterseveral more minutes, the most violent of the convulsions subsided. At thistime, the muscles along Dons left arm and back began twitching in awavelike motion under his skin. Spittle drooled from his mouth. Don Harlingtook exactly ten minutes and 31 seconds to die. Approximately three monthslater, he was found innocent."And it wasnt the first time. Amnesty International sites that "from1900 to 1985 over 350 people sentenced to death were later found to beinnocent of the crimes charged. Some excaped execution by but minutes, but 23were actually executed. Within the last 20 years, 54 Americans undersentence of death have been released because of evide nce of their innocence."Unlike a bread and butter imprisonment, death offers no second chance. If new evidencesurfaces after the person has been executed, its too late to do anythingabout it.The death penalty doesnt save valuate payers any money, either. Manypeople have the misconception that criminals should not be allowed to "rotin jail" wasting tax payers money. However, a study conducted by the DeathPenalty Information Center (DPIC) concludes that tax payers pay anaverage of $3.2 million dollars per each death penalty case -- enough tosentence someone to long hundred years in a maximum security facility.The death penalty is also not a detterent to crime.

Homeless People Essay -- essays research papers

The problem of statelessness in America is growing dramatically. Its a problem that fundament strike anyone when you least expect it. Therefore you should dole bug out this as a major crisis that affects our society. I feel as Americans we should come together to create solutions to obliterate a growing epidemic of homeless plurality.Statistics aim people living in poverty are most at put on the line of becoming homeless. Economically they are at a higher risk of losing what little they already have.The number of homeless families with children has increased significantly over the past decade. They are among the fastest growing segments of the homeless population. They are approximently 40% of people who are homeless. In rural areas the largest group of homeless people are families, single mothers, and children.In a 1998 survey of 30 cities, it was found that the homeless population was 53% African-American, 35% Caucasian, 12% Hispanic, 4% Native-American, and 3% Asian (U.S Conference of Mayors1998). The ethnic makeup of homeless population varies depending upon geographic location.Homelessness and poverty are most linked. Poor people commonly are unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care, and education. Choices must be mad when only their income covers some of these necessities.Poor engagement opportunities for a large number of the work force increases poverty. Falling incomes and less secure jobs which offer fewer benefits leads to additional financial strain on already financially burdened people. The connection between impoverished workers and homelessness can be seen in homeless shelters, many another(prenominal) of which house significant numbers of full epoch wage earners. A survey of 30 U.S cities found that almost one in five homeless people are employed (U.S Conference of Mayors 1998). Thus, for many Americans, work provides no escape from poverty and homelessness.Fewer public assistance is another reason of increasing po verty and homelessness. Until its repeal in August 1996 the largest change assistance program for poor families with children was the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program.The elimination and cut ... ...nd services are important and needed.There are a lot of things that can be done at shelters and other service agencies that is greatly appreciated. For instance filing, sorting clothes, cutting vegetables, etc. Let them know how you can help out and for how recollective. Some possible tasks are working at a shelter, helping build or fix up houses or shelters, food drives, reading to the homeless, and near by involving others to help out too.While the efforts are being made in volunteer work, material help is needed also. The end to homelessness is a long road. In the meantime, homeless people and people running the programs need help every day. Some items that would be great to donate are clothing, household products, oblige a homeless person of family, raise fu nds for a program, give directly, help homeless contact loved ones, and encourage your job to hire homeless people.Efforts to ensure jobs that pay a living wage and have good benefits, your help and others, affordable housing, and access to health care will bring and end to the problem of homelessness.

Langston Hughes Essay examples -- essays research papers

Langston HughesJames Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, second. He was named after his father, but it was later shortened to just Langston Hughes. He was the alone child of James and Carrie Hughes. His family was never happy so he was a lonely youth. The reasons for their unhappiness had as much to do with the color of their skin and the rules of order into which they had been born as they did with their opposite personalities. They were victims of white attitudes and discriminatory laws. They moved to Oklahoma in the late 1890s. Although the institution of sla truly was officially abolished racial discrimination and separationism persisted.Langston Hughes parents then separated. Since his mother moved from city to city in search of work he lived in Lawrence, Kansas, with his grandmother named Mary Hughes. She fiercely opposed to racial discrimination. While growing up, Langston also stayed with friends of the family, James and Mary Reed. Living with his gra ndmother and the Reeds in all-white neighborhoods, he felt even more isolated.When Langston was ready to start teach in 1908, his mother was told that because her son was vitriolic, he could not attend a nearby, mostly white school in Topeka, Kansas. Carrie, his mother, fought with the school over their decision. She won her strife and Langston was finally admitted to the school. He dealed with his loneliness by writing poetry. After Langstons grandmother died in 1915, he went to live with his mother, her second husband, Homer Clark, and Clarks two-year-old son, Gwyn. They went from Lawrence, Kansas to Kansas City, Missouri to Lincoln, Illinois. They moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1916. Clark moved to Chicago, Illinois. Langstons mother followed him and Langston was left alone in Cleveland.He devoted himself to his class work and other interests. He was on the editorial staff, on the student council, one the track team, an officer in the drill corps, and acted in school plays. When Langston Hughes attended Central High, the student body was very ethnically diverse. Langstons Jewish friends were the ones who first opened his eyes to the ideals of socialism. Socialism is the doctrine that all property in a society is public property. Claude McKay, a black writer whose articles and poems appeared in the Liberator, became a favorite of Langstons.Langston started to use Negro (African-American... ...es spent the early part of the 1940s working on his autobiography, The Big Sea, which tells in brilliantly clear language the story of his life up to the year 1931.He explored the expressing validity of black vernacular in urban and rural black lifestyles. He graduated from Lincoln University in 1930. He wrote playwrights and created major Broadway successes as Scottsboro Limited (1932) and Mulatto (1935). In first collections of short stories, The Ways Of White Folks, published in 1934.He was acknowledge as Simple a humorist through the creation of a character named Jessie B. Semple who, Simple States A Claim (1957), makes commentary on social issues confronting the black community in a vernacular style which strikes a common chord in its simplicity. In 1957, Semple was brought to Broadway in the musical Simply Heavenly. In whitethorn 22, 1967 Langston Hughes in died in New York City.The reason why I picked Langston Hughes as my famous African American was because his poems are my favorites. The other reason is that he was incessantly trying to improve the life of African Americans. So, as in conclusion, I would like to say Langston Hughes is an American hero.

Langston Hughes Essay examples -- essays research papers

Langston HughesJames Langston Hughes was born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. He was named after his father, but it was later shortened to just Langston Hughes. He was the only child of James and Carrie Hughes. His family was never happy so he was a lonely youth. The reasons for their unhappiness had as much to do with the color of their climb and the society into which they had been born as they did with their opposite personalities. They were victims of white attitudes and discriminatory laws. They moved to Oklahoma in the late 1890s. Although the institution of slavery was officially abolished racial divergence and segregation persisted.Langston Hughes parents then separated. Since his mother moved from city to city in search of work he lived in Lawrence, Kansas, with his grandmother named Mary Hughes. She fiercely fence to racial discrimination. While growing up, Langston also stayed with friends of the family, James and Mary Reed. Living with his grandmother and th e Reeds in all-white neighborhoods, he felt even more isolated.When Langston was ready to grow school in 1908, his mother was told that because her son was sinister, he could not attend a nearby, mostly white school in Topeka, Kansas. Carrie, his mother, fought with the school over their decision. She won her fight and Langston was finally admitted to the school. He dealed with his loneliness by writing poetry. After Langstons grandmother died in 1915, he went to live with his mother, her second husband, Homer Clark, and Clarks two-year-old son, Gwyn. They went from Lawrence, Kansas to Kansas City, Missouri to Lincoln, Illinois. They moved to Cleveland, Ohio in 1916. Clark moved to Chicago, Illinois. Langstons mother followed him and Langston was left alone in Cleveland.He devoted himself to his class work and other interests. He was on the editorial staff, on the student council, one the track team, an officer in the drill corps, and acted in school plays. When Langston Hughes at tended Central High, the student ashes was very ethnically diverse. Langstons Jewish friends were the ones who first opened his eyes to the ideals of affableism. Socialism is the doctrine that all property in a society is globe property. Claude McKay, a black writer whose articles and poems appeared in the Liberator, became a favorite of Langstons.Langston started to use Negro (African-American... ...es spent the early part of the 1940s working on his autobiography, The salient Sea, which tells in brilliantly clear language the story of his life up to the year 1931.He explored the expressing validity of black vernacular in urban and rural black lifestyles. He graduated from Lincoln University in 1930. He wrote playwrights and created major Broadway successes as Scottsboro Limited (1932) and Mulatto (1935). In first collections of short stories, The Ways Of White Folks, published in 1934.He was recognized as Simple a humorist through the creation of a character named Jessie B. S emple who, Simple States A Claim (1957), makes commentary on social issues confronting the black community in a vernacular style which strikes a common chord in its simplicity. In 1957, Semple was brought to Broadway in the musical Simply Heavenly. In May 22, 1967 Langston Hughes in died in New York City.The reason why I picked Langston Hughes as my famous African American was because his poems are my favorites. The other reason is that he was always trying to improve the life of African Americans. So, as in conclusion, I would like to say Langston Hughes is an American hero.

Hydrologic Cycle, Tectonic Plates, Natural Resources

1. Describe the path a molecule of water might follow through the hydrologic cycle from the sea to land and then back again. The water evaporates from all over the world but lets conjecture it is evaporates from the oceans to form clouds that are moved over land by many of winds. The rainfall then brings it to earth where it exit return to oceans by creeks to river, and some lakes then back to the ocean. 5. Describe at to the lowest degree one example of the environmental costs of water diversion from rivers to farms or cities.There can be so many different consequences from river diversion, downstream river terminate is reduced, the evaporation in the overall irrigation region is increased, and the level of water table rises these are scantily a few. The effects of reduced downstream river discharge could be reduced flooding, disappearance of wetlands and flood forest, reduced availability of potable water, and reduced shipping routes. 6. Explain the difference between point and nonpoint pollution. Which is harder to control? why? tear down pollution is a pollution that comes form one specific site.Nonpoint pollution is a pollution that comes from many different sources rather that one. I would have to say that nonpoint would be harder to control because of it coming from many different sites instead of from one place. Discussion Questions 1. What changes might occur in the hydrologic cycle if our climate were to warm or cool significantly? I think that if the climate get warmer the ground will the harder and harder as time goes, then on the same daylight or an separate could be really bad storms with warmer air it is causing stronger winds and storms, with lots of flashfloods.The cooler the climate there will be to a greater extent(prenominal) run off less infiltration and soil will be very hard. 6. Under what conditions might sediment in water or heathen eutrophication be beneficial? How should we balance positive and negative effects? Sediment is important in depositing new soil in delta areas for better crops. Eutrophication is the addition of phosphates and other plant nutrients to the water causing excessive plant growth, then the lower areas die without sun, and the decomposition of the dead material uses to much oxygen and fish die.With the cultural eutrophication indicates that man is involved. We have removed phosphates from detergents, but farming and golf courses and other things still contribute to pollution. I can not and will not discover away any positive or beneficial effects out of this. Chapter 11 Text Practice Quiz Questions 1. How does tectonic plate movement create ocean basins, midocean ridges, and volcanoes? Tectonic plates movement creates ocean basins, mid-ocean ridges, through collision. Colliding plates push sedimentary materials into an uplifted mass of rock that contains numerous folds and faults.The Earth has undergone a trope of mountain building periods. The process of creation is first by the accumulation of sediments then the tectonic collision causes rock deformation and crystal uplift and lastly the isocratic rebound continues to cause uplift despite erosion and causes the development of new mountain peaks through block faulting. 7. Describe some of the mining, processing, and drilling methods that can cast down water or air quality. This can be done by water mining they use extraction of water from non-replenishing groundwater or glacial reserves.What resources, off from minerals themselves, can be saved by recycling? There are so many helpful things by recycling by recycling you will save space in the landfill for something else that can not be recycled. You can use your food scraps for compost, along with your yard clippings. Clothing and furniture give to goodwill this is a must in my home. With some effort people could cut their garbage going into landfills by half. Discussion Questions 2. Geologists are responsible for identifying and social occasion mine ral resources.But mineral resources are buried below the soil and covered with vegetation. How do you suppose geologists in the field find clues about the diffusion of rock types? Mineral exploration is the process undertaken by companies, partnerships or corporations in the endeavor of finding ore to mine. They use many different methods to find the materials. The Geophysical mode is where they use an instrument to check for variation in gravity, magnetism, electromagnetism and a number of different variables in a certain area.They could use remote catching it gives the explorer orientation information about the location of tracks, roads and fences, as well as the habitation. 5. The idea of tectonic plates shifting across the earths surface is central to explanation of geologic processes. Why this idea is still called the theory of plate tectonic movement? Continental Drift was first proposed by Wegener, there were many geologists who opposed his ideas & they put forward reasons for their objections that were justifiable at the time.As geological science has developed since 1915, Continental Drift changed to the Theory of photographic plate Tectonics which also, originally had its critics. Answers to these criticisms have gradually been found though, but because these solutions have been developed slowly over many years, the theory of plate tectonics has thus far to be officially changed to the principles of plate tectonics. Chapter 12 Text Practice Questions 3. What are the major sources of global mercantile energy? I think that most of our commercial energy would come from gases, oils, and coal. 6. What are proven-in-place reserves?The quantity of energy sources estimated with reasonable certainty, from the analysis of geologic and engineering data, to be recoverable from well established or known reservoirs with the existing equipment and under the existing operating conditions. 16. What are biofuels, and how could they contribute to sustainability? Biofuels are made from the starch or oil portion of plant materials. somewhat are even made from the fats of animals. In general, ethanol is the fermented starch fuel and biodiesel is the refined oil and fats. Biofuels are important PART of the solution to declining and ever more expensive petroleum supplies.Biofuels can be used together with technologies such as hybrid fomites and plug-in vehicles. The Chevy Volt is announced to be a plug-in vehicle with a small squirm Fuel Vehicle engine to charge the batteries. Even the new Cadillac Escalade hybrid has been announced as a Flex Fuel Vehicle. Discussion Questions 3. If your local utility company were going to build a new power plant in your community, what kind would you prefer? Why? I think that I would want it to be a wind power plant because wind is natural no harmful things would be sunburn or have a chance for some kind of spill out.I would mostly have to say wind. 4. The nuclear industry is placing ads in customary magazi nes and newspapers, claiming that nuclear power are environmentally friendly, since it doesnt contribute to the greenhouse effect. How do you respond to that claim? I would have to say that it might be some what environmentally friendly but I would have to ague that fact of it rising the temperatures of ocean waters. They say it is local but does that water just stay right there? NO it moves about everywhere mixing with all the other water changing the temperature.

Tainted Milk Powder

Question 1 Given strong profit growth, has there been any trauma to Baidu. coms reputation? Answer Yes, there was price to Baidu. coms reputation. The examples of maltreat to Baidu. coms reputation be * The rumors made the partys information calculate unreliable. * Baidu. coms exploiters may start to boycott from using this lookup engine. They are hoping that Baidu. com may change their behavior after the protest. * Due to the boycott activity, the play of day-after-day visitors may reduce drastic entirelyy. * Due to the number of visitors decreased, those existing advertisers may withdraw their advertisement and switching to other high society.As a result, they lost valuable contracts/customers. * Baidus shareholders as well as may sell off their shares in market. As a result, the share price dropped, this is also indicating that they lost globe aver. Question 2 What the future reputational damage affect and how could it be measured? Answer * Damage ordinary boldness , number of viewer and determinationr drop * Mostly for a company to gain faith and confidence from the user of their product is non easy and take time. * But, to damage it just take a short period of time. For example doing unethical do in managing business operation. * Many news and rumors imbue in media close to Baidu. om defecate received some payment from tainted milk manufacturer for non advertise any news about them. * No concrete evidence about the rumors, but could damage their reputation, public trust and confidence of their source of information. * The number of viewer or user that use their search engine that been ruggeder after the spread of inquisitive news and rumors could be used to measure for the damage of public trust. * Investor not interested to assign, share price drop * The cock-a-hoop news and rumors about the unethical action by this company triggered the public trust toward them * It makes many people debate and alked about their action after th e spread of issue regarding information hidden, thus make many speculations towards this company. * Too much bad speculation been made toward their company impact to drop of share price. * We think that it would make investor or future investor might be not interested to invest in this company if the rumors are true due to the share price dropped continuously. * Affect company profitability, low income from advertiser * When the trust or confidence from the user or people toward this Baidu. com has decreased, it means that the viewer or user their search engine also decreased. Thus, the better for advertiser to promote their product in the search engine which have more viewer compared to Baidu. com * Besides, we think that Baidu. com might have to reduce the advertising fee in order to attract the advertiser use their search engine to promote products * Thus, impact from advertiser being changed to the other search engine or lower the advertising fee make the Baidu. com would faces low profitability and income. Question 3 What steps could Baidu. com take to restore its reputation, and what challenges allow for it have to overcome?There are 3 steps to restore the company reputation as below 1. Know The Truth * The Company will first have to look at themselves and seek the reality. * Is there any legality in what the people say about themselves? * Baidu. com will have to look at the rumor of how they were said to have accepted payments to withholding a companys information from online searches. 2. Take Action * Baidu. com might held a press conference to admit its wrong doing and try to fix it from there. * Although there were many are upset by the admittance, but they will be more upset if the Baidu. om have not admitted to their wrong doing. * Thats the matter related to trust and knowing that they will stand up for the mistake that have been made. 3. Dispel the Rumors * Baidu. com will have to overcome the rumor of how they were said to have accepted payme nts for withholding a companys information from on-line searches. * They will have to disclose all of their financial records. This is d angiotensin-converting enzyme in an effort to make the company financial activities as transparent as possible and display that they are confederate in their financial activities. This will aid the company in regaining the trust of the public and the public will ultimately trust the information that is contained on the search engine. The biggest challenge is regaining trust from the stakeholders, investors and then the consumers as the company bad reputation has built over a period of time. * Do not expect to get rid of it within a few hours or days. It will take time for people to remove the company old, bad image from their mind and replace it with the new, pleasant one. * It is a matter of trust and knowing that one will stand up for the mistakes that have been made. Therefore the company needs to take social responsibility for the crisis. * Th ere were innocent lives lost all because no one spoke up about the tainted product. * Naturally there will be repercussions for all involved but consumers are forgiving if the positioning is handled correctly. So, just keep on making efforts and soon, people will get used to the image of the new you. Question 4 brasss through with(predicate)out the initiation have been lessen to react publicly to solemn problems such as SARS, mad cow disease, and now melamine contamination. Who returnss and who loses because of these delays?Answer a) Benefits * Companies involved in related industry. * Governments slow reaction gave opportunities for these companies to continue supply consumer with no quality product that bring harms to the consumer itself as long as the company gain benefit from it. * Eg Mad cow disease was cause through nutrient give to the cows itself. Naturally, cows are supposed to eat grass. However, the ranchers try to cut cost by feeding these animals with dead animal . Besides, the ranchers feeding them with hormones and other chemical to fatten them up faster for marketing.In a nutshell, the ranchers along with other related parties are benefited through cost reduction as well as faster harvesting. * Government * Government itself gain benefit from their action. * One of the examples is from tourism industry. When the political relation announces the serious problem face by the country, especially if it is health related, it might frighten the tourist to visit the country. Thus, it send away affect income received by the country. * The governing normally will try to protect their local market and local product.For instance, what happen in China when the news of contaminated milk spread is that it causes sales of dairy farm product to drop by 30-40%. * Government slow action has given them opportunity to search for proper solution before expose it to the public. Aside from subjugate panic among public, this action can also benefit them from loss of income and maintain countrys reputation. b) Loses * Public * Public were negatively affected from government slow action, especially when its involving humans life. * Eg The melamine-tainted milk powder was responsible for the deaths of four infants and the sickening of more than 6,200 more.If the public are aware of the situation, they wont buy the milk powder, thus can prevent loss of lives. * Also, it can hurt publics finance when they spend their money on the products that they cant even use. * Most importantly, public might lose faith on the government itself. Public rely on the information given by the government. If the government itself didnt disclose important information, from whom the public can depend on. * In addition, when the countries are facing serious problem such as diseases, the government need to diverge the limited public money to support medical costs.It is burdensome since the public monies are use to clean up the mess do by irresponsible parties th at only have view on profit only. * Pharmaceutical industry * It is not a one-day task in developing a new cure for new disease * The scientist needs to do research, identify the cause of disease, and find suitable chemical/element needed to produce the drugs. * When the government gave late announcement to public, all scientists are not able to create new medicine and thus, bring loss to them in terms of profit. Question 5 In some gardenings, a culture of cover or manipulation of the news is tolerated more than others.How can this be remedied by other governments, corporations, investors and member of public? Answer * Governments * Government can design law to prevent this culture because it can affect public. * They can impose fine and penalty to those who are exercised the culture of secrecy. * The penalty imposed is a way to punish company and people who involve in this case. * It is as a warning to others firms so that they are not doing the same thing in the future. * The la w and penalty should be imposed when there is evidence that the company is exercising this culture. * Corporations They should disclose all the information that concerns about public because public has the right to know what happen because it relate to them. * For example, corporations can disclose about their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in their website. They should include all information so that public didnt lost trust to them. * Investors * Investors can take action such as disapprove the unethical activities done by companies. * They have a great power towards companies because they are the shareholder. * Investors can sell their shares as a way to disapprove action taken by companies. If by taking that action also cannot alert the company, they can be a whistleblower by telling the authority about the company wrongdoing. * Member of public * Member of public can prevent this culture by the increasing of press freedom. * They can work with press to make sure that news spread faster. But, immunity should be given for public interest disclosure where the matters give serious harm to public. Before the immunity given, the news should be disclose to administration both internally and externally and no action taken. Besides, public can complain to non-profit organization (NGO) or consumer association about companies wrongdoing. * Thus, when this action can be taken, companies may be thinking twice before they hiding something from public and consequences that they are going to face in the future. References 1. Tainted-Baby-Milk Scandal in China, Retrived defect 8, 2013 from http//www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,1841535,00. html, 2. Tainted Baby Formula Scandal Blows Up in China, Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//blog. foolsmountain. com/2008/09/12/tainted-baby-formula-scandal-blows-up-in-china/ 3.Baidu Caught in Backlash Over Tainted Milk pulverise Search railway locomotive Denies Screening Out News More Rivals Online, Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//online. wsj. com/article/SB122176870268453547. html 4. The Google of China The Secret of Baidus Runaway Search Engine Success, Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//www. time. com/time/world/article/0,8599,2111545,00. html 5. Lorraine Day, M. D. Mad Cow Disease What the Government didnt Telling You. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//www. drday. com/madcow. htm 6. 2008 Chinese Milk Scandal. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandalChinese_industry . Pharmaceutical Industry. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry 8. Tainted milk Unravelling Chinas Melamine Scandal. Retrieved March 9, 2013 from http//thinkbusiness. nus. edu/articles/item/118-tainted-milk-unravelling-china%E2%80%99s-melamine-scandal 9. Storer, J. A chance to tackle the culture of secrecy in government. Retrieved March 12, 2013 from http//www. thepunch. com. au/articles/a-chance-to-tackle-the-culture-of-secrecy-in-governm ent/ 10. 2008 Chinese milk scandal. Retrived March 12, 2013 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/2008_Chinese_milk_scandal

Effect of Media Violence on Children Essay

1. Executive SummaryPurpose of the Study To identify the most desired groups of customers and the ingest states that can best serve and then re rules its tradeing practices to target them. Particularly when reacting to warring moves everywhere time. Considering the increasingly competitive retail environment described in the competitor moves, these methods are adequate. Major findings This study helped us to establish that merchandizing has potential to increase nightly sale more than 30%. The aspect of a consumer is buy behavior we found that merchandizing is fully capable depart the impulsive buying decision of the customer and it cultivate to increase the awareness related to the product. Further, we set up that merchandizing is helpful tool to expand the customer portfolio.Conclusions The study concluded that merchandizing is a device to enhance the accessibility, Small to the Left, and Large to the Right, At Eye and Hand Level. Merchandizing is sensed as marketing chann el along the different very strong channels like television, and other Medias. Merchandising is helping merchants to finally understand and influence consumer behavior by blending science-based insights about price, promotion and assortment with the artful judgments of experienced merchants that will al shipway be necessary. Recommendations Generally, there are three ways to present product. You can * Shelve it on a table, platform, riser, fixture or wall shelf. * Hang it on a wall bracket, peg hook, hangar, and panel or floor fixture. * Combine shelving and hanging in a multiple presentation. * To be effective, cross-presented merchandise must relate in a logical way, much(prenominal) as Coordinating items that would be used together, such as pasta, sauces pasta cookware and pasta cookbooks * Items that are colour coordinated* A range of products that offer customers prime(prenominal) within a particular category such as cappuccino or espresso coffee-makers and plain or patterne d dinnerware that can be mixed and assureed * Products that offer themed ideas such as baby gifts, stocking stuffers or a fondue story. Cross- trade pays off best when located in prime real estate areas such as * usurp zones along aisles and on end-caps * Focal points -near service areas such as cash desks or fitting rooms2 difficulty Definition3.1 Background of the ProblemThe era of product-centric retail management is giving way to one in which market leaders apply a more strategic, more targeted, more locate approach to communicating a value proposition to their customers. Top-performing retail merchants, realizing they cannot be everything to everybody, are now taking a more consumer-centric approach to merchandising, creating competitive advantages and differentiating themselves in the passing competitive retail industry. Consumer-Centric Merchandising is a way of planning and executing pricing, promotion, assortment and other plans, driven by a deep understanding of cus tomers, consumer hold, and the competitive marketplace vying for attention and wallet share.Consumer-Centric Merchandising is enabled by advanced science that taps into rich data sources and extracts insights that were never before available to support merchandising decision-makers. It enables better decisions in such critical areas as everyday pricing promotion planning merchandising support, timing and depth of markdowns and assortment. It supports tailoring of merchandising to match demand variations across geographies and customer segments and it enables better forecasting. For the leading retailers now putting it into practice, Consumer-Centric Merchandising is also breaking down the walls between marketing and merchandising, creating synergies that drive exceptional, optimistic impact on price image and customer loyalty, sales volume, and the bottom line.Big-box retailers dont gamble. They rely on systems that play to the strengths of efficient supplier and statistical distr ibution networks. They deliver bulk-rate items to a generic customer base, which forces you and other competing retailers to gamble on pricing and promotions to try and keep pace. These levers cant be left to chance. Merchandising, Promotions, repair Pricing, Markdowns, Product Assortment, and Placement are important motivators of the shop experience that can differentiate your store from your competitors in the minds of the consumer.To improve the odds, you need a suite of consumer demand applications as the Aghas super store supply network to take the gamble out of your merchandising strategies. Refers to a detailed understanding of a retailers customers in terms of who they are, what they do in that retailers store, and what they do outside the store. It includes an understanding of what they buy and why. Insights are based on market basket analysis of T-Log data, loyalty card data to analyze identified transactions over time, panel data, and other sources. It permits segmentati on of customers based on lifestyle, shopping behavior, and value.3.2 Statement of the ProblemTo understand the impact of merchandising on followingPeriodic Sales To evaluate whether periodic sale increase or no tangible effect after lunching a merchandising campaign. To analyze changes in impulsive buying behavior of consumer, this is finally a factor to change the periodic sales. Consumers response To assess that how will consumers respond to merchandising. To understand will merchandising support retailer to more accurately predict the resultant role of its own pricing and promotion actions, and to learn when to anticipate a competitive response. 3 Approach to the problem4.3 The seeMethods and ProceduresResearch Design A material or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It specifies the details of the surgical procedures necessary for obtaining the culture needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problem. Research design has two major categorie s. I. Exploratory Research Design.II. Conclusive Research Design.Exploratory Research Design One image of research design, which has as its primary accusive the provision of insights into and comprehension of the problem situation confronting the researcher. Conclusive Research Design Research designed to assist the decision maker in determining, evaluating and selecting best word form of action to take in a given situation. It has tho two categories which are as follows. a) Casual Research.b) Descriptive Research.Casual Research A type of conclusive research where the major objective is to obtain evidence regarding cause and effect (casual) relationship.Descriptive Research One type of conclusive research that has as its major objective the description of something, usually market characteristics or functions. Descriptive researches are further divided into two classes.a. Longitudinal Designb. Cross sectional DesignLongitudinal Design One type of research design involving a fi xed sample of population elements that is measured repeatedly on the corresponding variable. The sample remains same over time, thus providing a series of pictures which, when viewed together portray an illustration of the situation and changes that are taking place over time. Cross sectioned Design A type of research design involving the collection of information from any given sample of population elements only once. It is further divided in two groups.* Single Cross Sectional Design* Multiple Cross Sectional DesignSingle Cross Sectional Design A cross sectional design in which one sample of respondents is drawn from the target population and information is obtained from this sample once. Multiple Cross Sectional Design A research design in which there are two or more samples of respondents, and information from each sample is obtained only once. We dupe applied the descriptive research design to conduct the study to estimate the impact of consumer centric merchandising on consu mer response, impulsive buying decision and periodic sales. take There are two major groups of consume methods1. Probability ingest2. Non- Probability SamplingProbability Sampling A sampling procedure in which each element of population has a fixed probabilistic claim of being selected for the sample. The Probability Sampling is further divided into four classes.I. elemental Random Sampling (SRS)II. Systematic Simple Random SamplingIII. Cluster SamplingIV. Stratified SamplingSimple Random Sampling (SRS) A chance sampling proficiency in which each element in the population has known and equal luck of plectrum. Every element is selected independently of every other element and sample is drawn by random procedure from a sampling frame. Systematic Simple Random Sampling A probability sampling technique in which the sample is chosen by selecting a random starting point and than picking every ith element in succession from the sampling frame. Cluster Sampling First, the target po pulation is divided into mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive subpopulations called clusters. Then, a random sample of clusters is selected based on probability sampling technique such as simple random sampling.For each selected cluster, either all the elements are included in the sample or a sample of elements is drawn probabilistically. A common factor of cluster sampling is area sampling, in which the clusters consist of geographic areas. Stratified Sampling A probability sampling technique that uses a two-step process to cleavage the population into subpopulations, or strata. Elements are selected from each stratum by random procedure. The variables used to partition the population into strata are referred to as stratification variable. The criteria for the selection of these variables consist of homogeneity, heterogeneity and relatedness. Non- Probability Sampling Sampling techniques that do not use chance selection procedures. Rather, they rely on the personal judgm ent of the researcher. The Non-Probability Sampling is further divided into four categories. a) Convenience Samplingb) Judgmental Samplingc) Quota Samplingd) Snowball SamplingConvenience Sampling A non-probability sampling technique that attempts to obtain a sample of convenient elements. The selection of sampling units is left primarily to the researcher. Judgmental Sampling A form of convenience sampling in which the population elements are purposely selected based on the judgment of the researcher. Quota Sampling A non-probability sampling technique that is a two-stage restricted judgmental sampling. The first stage consists of developing control categories or quotas of population of elements. In the second stage, sample elements are selected based on the convenience of judgment.Snowball Sampling A non-probability sampling technique in which an initial group of respondents is selected randomly, Subsequent respondents are selected based on the referrals or information provided by the initial respondents. This process may be carried out in waves by obtaining referrals from referrals. Sampling Method Applied To conduct the study the non-probability sampling technique was applied. In non-probability sampling further quota sampling method has been employed. The reason for selection of quota sampling was depress and odd target population (retail outlets) in Karachi. Sample size of it Total sample of 26 respondents was selected for this study.Thirteen respondents (retail outlets) were selected from each district of Karachi. Data Collection The data was self-collected through a questionnaire of about three pages & a screener of one page the retail outlets those were dealing in FMCG products (who at least had good exposure of merchandising with in last six month). The data was collected by researcher his own-self through face to face interviews. Data Analysis The open ended questions were transformed in to quantitative form through cryptology techniques. Then col lected data was entered in SPSS and analyzed through statistical and inferential tools of SPSS. The data have been presented in tables, and graphs format. With the help of these tables and graphs we have drawn a conclusion followed by a final recommendation in the shape of formal report.

A Reflection on Philippians

capital of Minnesota said certain things here that can give the modern-day workers of the gospel a glimpse into how did Paul do his work as a servant of Christ. Remember that the first Disciples of Christ who became His apostles, strictly obeyed Jesus instructions of preaching the gospel and making disciples. Whenever they teach, they would teach what Jesus had taught them, and they followed Jesus scheme of ministry.They all reflected Jesus Christ in the manner that they do their work. In Apostle Pauls words, we have an apostolic standard teaching, living by example, and receiving by faith what they have heard (on the part of the listeners/followers).1.) Teaching. In the Great Commission (Matt.2819-20), teaching is one of the major parts. All those who are involved in the gospel work must know for certain that teaching is first in their to-do list.The gospel message must be preached clearly and effectively. When it comes to winning souls for Christ, postcode can replace the preach ing and teaching of the gospel. Modern-day tricks may for a time draw people, but genuine conversion of souls happens only when the gospel is preached/taught.2.) biography up to what you preach. Many today have been able to master the skills necessary for powerful preaching. They have charismatic and strong pulpit presence. But when it comes to living appear in public what they preach, they fall short. Here, at this point, is where the church at large is lacking.Many who are drawn to good and powerful gospel preaching are smell for human examples people who put flesh on the word of God those who are incarnational in their approach. Paul said, The things which you learned. . . and saw in me, these do. . . . It is only when the teachers themselves have learned to live out in the reality of daily life their teachings can they be able to tell their audience to act on what they had been taught. 3.)Do what I teach. opinion is present when the preacher knows by experience what he/she is talking about. Paul was able to preach to the Thessalonians powerfully, and they believed and accepted Pauls message as the truly words of God because the apostle preached to them in such a powerful way and full of conviction. He lived what he preached therefore, the word of God is effective in them. They followed and obeyed Pauls preaching.

Organizations that fail to plan are planning to fail Essay

Currently, the numerous validations pour huge sums of capitals into competitive market in found to get a larger market share and seek more fiscal profits. Some of them are success, while others are eliminated with a huge fiscal loss by the fierce competition. However, the main reason why those companies failed is nothing but not having an all-round strategical innovationning. This essay will discuss that a confederacy with an all-round planning in wrong of external and essential environment of the short letter will help bloodes achieve companys bearings and exit from the intensive competition of the capital market. Planning for internal environment mainly based on companys weakness and strength terminate sum up the attaining efficiency and coordination for the purpose of reducing in the operation live associated with production mistakes, while planning for the external in terms of companys threats and opportunities dissolve help the business in effect(p)ly psychoa nalyse local market and expand company in roll to gain more financial benefits.It is incontestable that a pro forma planning for a company makes contributions to achieving organizations objective under the assumption of unchanged and predictable environment (Robbins et al. 2012 p.87). However, it is commonly believed that the capital market is changeable and unpredictable (Kumar 2011, p.18). As a result, a well-constructed plan might not be able to fit in all condition of business. Some negative discussions on a formal planning have been issued recently (Robbins 2012, p.87). Firstly, a formal planning whitethorn create some inflexibleness to the working environment that makes management lack flexibility and selectivity, which leads managers to be simply tied on a specific course of action (Robbins 2012, p.87). Secondly, a formal planning may restrict staffs creativity and intuition. As a company needs someones creativity and innovation to be improved, the result of formal plan ning may reduce the vision to an inflexible company routine, which will be a receipt of disaster (Robbins 2012, p.87).Thirdly, planning may limit managers strategic vision. There is a tendency that a planning especially for the strategic performance of business only focuses on how to increase organization financial benefits in the capital market. As a result, the managers may simply focus on the field the company currently has, rather than re-creation or reinvention in aims of company expansion in the future (Robbins 2012,p.87). Fourthly, a formal planning can enhance success that maybe a receipt of failure. concord to Robins (2012, p.87), managers may follow some precedential business cases that succeed before. Thereby, it is hard and unwilling for them to discard the successful experience of precedents when make a plan for the company. However, this plan may keep managers from doing things in a new way that would be even more successful because successful experience cannot work in every company environment, especially in current uncertain and changeable capital market (Robbins 2012, p.87). However, for the business long-term success, the importance of strategic planning in terms of internal for a business is incredibly meaningful (Topfer 2011, para.1).Firstly, an internally focused planning can provide an internal analytic thinking of organization that considers internal weakness of company (Ingram 2014, para.3). Through an internal management planning, managers of a company can immediately identify the lack of companys abilities and resources and then analyze the weaknesses may exist in the future outgrowth at the first beginning of a companys operation, such as the staff skill restriction, the limitation of its product design or the shortage of technical and financial support (Flott 1997, pp.42-3). Thus, remedial measures, such as employing higher educated employees or improvement of mill equipment, can be timely acted. Consequently, financial loss or resources shortage can be effectively avoided during the operation (Flott 1997, p.43).Secondly, an internally focused planning plays an effective role in helping managers identify company strengths as well (Robbins et al. 2012, p.90). Analyzing company strengths by finding out any unique resource or any performance the business does better than other companies, managers are able to discover some competitive advantages (Ingram 2012, para.5). For instance, the world largest peregrine company, apple, they know that they have considerable financial strengths, thus they fully take financial advantages by making considerable investment over $160 million annually in the celestial sphere of innovation and design of products (Clark 2014, para.1). As a result, Apple attracts millions of loyal customers around the world and makes them willing to purchase the products constantly because of the highest quality and best performance of products (Clark 2014, para.2). Thirdly, internal plann ing helps managers do some internal adjustment for increasing working efficiency.For instance, by thoroughly analyzing staff working capabilitiesin terms of education level, work experience and overall competence, managers can optimize the utilization of human resources. Effectively deploying different human resources into different working departments, where is suitable for each employee, can maximize their strengths in order to achieve higher work efficiency and coordination (Loton 2007, p.373). As a result, the errors of production and wastage that caused by staffs working against during the operation can be substantially avoided and declined. In other words that the operation cost can be reduced and keep company moving effectively towards its objective (Robbins et al. 2012, p.86). Fourthly, it is also helpful for managers to determine whether the operation of organization is on the right track and check how far they have drifted away from the original objective by an internal pl anning (Topfer 2011, para.4). Internal planning is a reference point that can allow managers to return to any point of operation once the mistakes happened (Topfer 2011, para.3). The functions of a strategic planning which externally focused are critical for companys success as well.An external planning can provide an analysis that examines the threats and opportunities of company that independently exists in the external environment (Olsen 2010, para.10). According to Olsen (2010, para.10), the threats are obstacles that prevent organization from achieving its objectives and have negative effects on future development in terms of external while the opportunities refer to a positive condition in the external environment that will produce constructive contributions on organizations success. Through analyzing companys threats when makes an externally focused plan, managers are able to clearly identify, for instance, what the supply and cost of labor is in the place where operates and whether the labor cost will significantly affect the profit of products (Robbins et al. 2012, p.87). A remarkable example of this is Apple Company. Apple has currently occupied the market of mobile phone over 60%, so a large amount of labor force is required during the production (Worstall 2013, para.2).In order to have a lower labor cost, the production planning center of Apple decided that settled the factories into Asian countries because Asia have a relatively lower labor cost and plenty of labor supply (Worstall 2013, para.1). A latest statistical data has been carried out that Apple has to pay more $4.2 billion to the production staff if Apple manufactures iPhone in the US rather than in Asia (Worstall 2013, para.1).So, it is obvious that a company analyzing its external condition when makes an external plan is crucial to its objectives in terms of financial benefits. Furthermore, having an external plan is helpful for managers to find out the companys opportunities, such as a market gap that no organization is currently serving, a new field that can be stepped in for the purpose of exploring market to seek more financial return and developmental opportunities (Ingram 2012, paras 6-7). After analyze external environment of company, managers can timely know what products can affect market share and what changes are in consumers favor that may increase the change of products (Ingram 2012, para.6).As a result, effective adjustments in terms of improvement and innovation of products and can be carried out in order to remain companys long-term competiveness in the market and meet the customers demand immediately (Ingram 2012, para.6). Hence, the sales of product can be increased and more financial profits can be brought out. In conclusion, although having a formal planning may bring some negative effects on companys success, a well-constructed strategic plan in terms of internally focused and externally focused makes contribution to its financial profit and surviving from the market competition. To an internal plan, combining companys industry status with its strength, it can help company enhance its market position and do some positive adjustment in order to get a higher working efficiency and coordination, while identifying companys weakness, such as scarcity of resources, some remedial measures can be acted in advance in order to avoid financial loss in the further development.To an external plan, analyzing companys opportunities can help business explore new market in order to reach developmental potential. At the same time, an external plan can provide an external analysis that assist managers with identifying companys threats, such as labor cost and supply. According to Apples example, choosing a most beneficial manufactory mess not only can have a sufficient labor supply but also save plenty of labor cost. Overall, adhering a strategic plan both internally and externally for a company is constructive and meaningful in its long -term success.Reference ListFlott, LW 1997, Quality Control merged Planning, Elsevier Science, July, pp.42-5. Ingram, D 2014, Internal & External Strategic PlanDevelopment, Chron, viewed 21 April 2014, . Kumar, B 2011, Capital Market, Anurag Jain, New Delhi, India. Loton, C 2007, Using good business planning to ensure good governance, Keep Good Companies, July, pp.372-5. Olsen, E 2010, Internal & External Analysis, OnStrategy, 5 April, viewed 1 May 2014, . Robbins, S, DeCenzo, D, Coulter, M & Woods, M 2012, Management The Essentials, 1st edn, Pearson, Australia.Topfer, S 2011, The Importance of Business Planning, NASDAQ, 25 February, viewed 20 April 2014, . Worstall, T 2013, If Apple Brought iPhone Manufacturing To The US It Would Cost Them $4.2 billion, Forbes, 25 September, viewed 2 May 2014, .

Development of Children with Mental Retardation

At the on set, the term psychical interim has been viewed by numerous as a stigmatizing term. Thus, authorities in this field of study from different societies had come up with a less stigmatizing term. The British Commonwealth and the Scientific schooling of Intellectual Disabilities referred to it as intellectual disability (Ainsworth, P. & Baker, P. 2004, p. vii), while Stephen R. Schroeder of the University of Kansas and his colleagues favor the term learning disability. Other more specific descriptors include Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome. intellectual meantime is a disability in the developmental process that may come out from sustain done the age of eighteen (health & disease information) In their book Understanding Mental unhurriedness, Patricia Ainsworth and Pamela C. Baker (2004), explained that mental retardation is a syndrome of delayed or disordered brain development before age 18 years that results in difficulty learning information and skills needed to adapt quickly and adequately to environmental changes (p.3) Its causes according to Ainsworth and Baker includes the genetic factors or the so called heredity factor, environmental factors which is link to an impoverished environment, and prenatal influence which has something to do with nutrition. Physical development of Children with mental retardation In his article in a paper published by the Ohio State University entitled Stimulating Physical Development of Mentally Retarded Children Julian U. Stein noted the importance of an active, spry life history in the development of sound mind and sound sensual body (p. 1).Stein cited Platos statement emphasizing that, lack of physical activity destroys the superior condition of the individual human being, and that orderly work outs and movements preserve that condition (p. 1). Herbert Jennings in 1917 also disclosed that through play the shaver learns and develops better than through any other activity (p. 1). Stein stressed that children with mental retardation should not spent their days idle, inactive or passive, and merely gaining weight as this will adversely affect their total physical development as the childs motor development correlates with play activities.Children with mental retardation should not be deprived of the opportunity to play and to engaged in physical exercise because it will not only financial aid them to gain better physical development it will also facilitates better social, and intellectual development depending on the severity of their mental illness. Language Development Children with mental retardation like their blueprint peers argon capable to adapt skills needed for daily communication such(prenominal) as language (Pruthi, G. ).However, Gauri Pruthi cited that although children with mental retardation are capable to adapt a language, infants with mental retardation were behind by about two months compared to their prevalent peers in their language development. On the other hand, studies done by Bruner, 1975 and Tomasello 1992 as cited by Pruthi, verbalise that the early social and communicative accomplishments are seen as inhering prerequisite for various aspect of language acquisition. In their book Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development, Jacob Burack and Robert M.Hodapp (1998) emphasized that language acquisition is one of our most remarkable achievements which are customaryly achieved within the initiative two to three years from birth (p. 208). Yet for children with mental retardation, Burack and Hodapp pointed out that, at this age they may only be beginning to move down this pathway, having learned just a some words to name the important people in their lives and significant objects or some expressions for regulating social interactions (p.208). However, not all children who are late in beginning to talk corroborate mental retardation conundrum as some of these children do catch up a little time later. The problem therefore is ho w to distinguish which normal and which is having mental retardation. Maria R. Brassard and Ann E. Boehm (2007) point out that most children with low cognitive skills exhibit disruptions in all areas of language, as soundly as delays in most areas of development (p. 337).Thus, in order to assessed childrens wellness, and language comprehension, Brassard and Boehm present a model of communication develop by Abbeduto and Nuccio, which requires judging in four domains namely Linguistic ability (mastery of syntax, vocabulary, and phonology), the Cognitive ability (memory) Social skills (perspective taking) and Pragmatic competence (knowledge and skill specific to the process of communicating with others) that would help determine the mental condition of the children for early intervention if they deem mental problem.Cognitive development Mental retardation is defined as the sub average usual intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manif ested during the developmental period (Grossman 1977, as cited by Wachs, T & Sheehan, R. 1998, p. 16). This definition indicates that children with mental retardation have consistent skills and cognitive functioning deficits. Marilyn Jane Field, Alan M. Jette, and Linda G.Martin (2005) pointed out that mental retardation is characterized by a delayed progression and is an ultimate failure to achieve the ability to run formal operations at maturity (p. 69). Field, Jette, and Martin stated that the severity of mental retardation corresponded to fixation at lower stages of cognitive development (p. 69). Therefore cognitive development of children with severe mental retardation fixated at a lower stage which impaired not only their intellectual capacity but also their normative behavioral development.The impaired intellectual capacity is clearly seen in the experiment conducted at Kansas University by John Belmont and Earl Butterfield in the 1970s as cited by Norman Bray, Kevin Reilly, Lisa Huffman, Kathryn Fletcher, and Mark Villa in their article entitled Mental Retardation and Cognitive Competencies in which the participants were asked to remember some items in their order of presentation.In this experiment, it yielded that children with mental retardation had a poor recall and they were found to have deficiencies in various memory task and were particularly found to be deficit in memory-related processes such as in the rapidity of processing and the inhibition of irrelevant information (Bray, N. et,al). Psychological DevelopmentIt is generally held by various professionals in the field that a normal and healthy socio emotional development during the first 3 years of life is necessary for the normal mental health and personality development. Anton Dosen and Kenneth Dy (2001) aptly stated that children with mental health retardation follow the similar sequence and are predisposed to make psychosocial developmental structures as usual children (p. 418). Mental r etardation ordinarily manifest during early childhood often during the first and second year of the childs life.Dosen and Dy points out, but the socio-emotional development of mentally retarded children during the first 3 years may be susceptible to various obstaclesgenetic, organic, environmental (Dosen & Dy, p. 418). Dosen and Dy explained that children with mental retardation are usually delayed in their sum of psychological development because it is generally held that children with mental retardation shows maturational lag in different cortical areas (Dosen and Dy, p.418).Achieving quality life then for children with mental retardation can be ensured through early intervention. An internet article entitled Mental Retardation point out that it is important for parents, pediatricians, and other health sympathize with providers to be familiar with recognizable signs to be able to make an early intervention which is a crucial component to ensure maximum quality of life for these children (Mental Retardation).However, many researchers believed that children with mental retardation experience regressions under condition of cognitive challenge. Professional and parental interventions As it has been partly said above, early intervention is essential to the effective treatment of children with mental retardation. Linda Seligman and Lourie W. Reichenberg cited that special education, home health care, language simulation and social skills training at an early age can have a great impact on treatment outcomes (p.65).But above all these, some practical family matters such as showing family affection, love, acceptance, and other loving business sector should be generously given to these children by their families as they grow up. I Nothing can replace the loving concern of the family for their member to grow normal and healthy. Questions for discussion that parents may have to ask 1. ) Suppose my child is proven to have mental retardation, is there be any clinical treatment on tap(predicate) for my childs condition?2.) If my child is diagnosed to have severe mental retardation, should the child be isolated from his peers to protect him? 3. ) Are there any therapeutical drugs that are available in the market that can help my child to become normal? 4). my child is 6 years old with severe mental retardation, what would be some possible effect if he is put in isolation from other normal kids? 5). Are there any kind foods that are may be detrimental to my childs condition? 6). could there be a possibility that early intervention can help my child grow normal?ReferencesAinsworth, P. & Baker, C. (2004) Understanding Mental Retardation USA University of Mississippi.Bray, N. W. Reilly, K. D. Huffman, L. F. Fletcher K. L. Villa, M. & Anumolu V. Mental Retardation and Cognitive Competencies.http//www.uab.edu/cogdev/graham4.htmBrassard, M.R. & Boehm, A. (2007) Preschool Assessment USA The Guilford PressBurack, J. A. & Hodapp, R. M. (1998) Handbook of Mental Retardation and Development USA Cambridge University PressDosen, A. & Dy, K. (2001) Treating Mental Illness and Behavior Disorders in Children and Adults with Mental Retardation USA American Psychiatric PublishingField, M. J. Jette, A.M. Martin, L. G. (2005) Workshop on Disability in America, a New Look

Supersize me Essay

In the documentary Supervise Me, Morgan Spurious embarks on a Journey to eat McDonalds spry food for both meal for an entire month. single of the main reasons for choosing McDonalds Is that this company represents 43% of the entire fast food market. There be a few rules, including that he has to eat every Item on the menu at least once and If they ask to supervise the meal, he must say yes. The purpose for this experiment was to see if fast food companies ar too blame for the obesity epidemic going on in America right now.Some dont agree that obesity is that big of a deal, still cardinal percent of Americans atomic number 18 either overweight or obese. I would call that a major issue. The fast food industry is most definitely partly to blame for obesity in the United States. Some people believe that it is not the companies faults that people are becoming obese because that person chose to eat fast food. In a way, I do agree. But it is the fast food companies responsibilities to make It known how unhealthy the food they are serving Is. To burn dour a superseded Coke, fry, and Big Mac, you would eve to walk for seven hours straight.In addition, Spurious found that most McDonalds around the country did not have nutrition facts available for address In the restaurant. Morality plays a major part in this issue. The Catholic Social didactics of life and dignity of the human person is what is at stake. For every child born in the year 2000, one third will develop diabetes. This will cut anywhere from seventeen to twenty- seven years wrap up your life. During the documentary, Spurious loses muscle and replaces it with fat because of all of the Junk he is putting in his body.His blood pressure was raised, and he was at stake of getting staidly ill. If a person eats too much fast food, they will become sick. It is very possible for an obsession with fast food to lead to obesity, which is associate to many other fatal diseases. A persons life may be at stak e, which Is not morally right. In 2010, the Supreme Court ruled that corporations are viewed as Individuals. Therefore, they have the right to express their pollen, advertise to anyone they please, and have total control over their business. The average child sees 10,000 TV DSL per year.This means that companies are talking to children just as much, if not more than, their parents. If they were responsible with this power, then I would not have a problem with it. I think that on that point is a line between selling a product and doing whatever it takes to sell a product. If a company, like McDonalds, was appropriate in their advertising and unploughed the dignity of people in mind, then I dont think obesity would be a major issue anymore. This ties in with the Catholic Social Teaching of rights and responsibilities.In conclusion, I think that the fast food Industry Is partially to blame for obesity In the united States. Everyone does have a responsibility for their own health, but fast food companies have their own responsibilities. They have the responsibility to make the Ingredients In their food known, and have healthy options. We as a country should fight back them to this responsibility. With obesity rates rising, it could soon be the to our bodies and the fast food industry needs to realize that they need to do a better job of percentage obesity rates decline.

Elli Essay

The book Elli is an account of the Jewish race existence devastated in the death camps during the Second World war. They suffered barbaric brutality and starvation. It was Ellis courage and determination which helped her to stay alive. The Jews suffered inhuman brutality. An example of this is Felicias story. Felicia is the Blockalteste at Plaszow. She told of how she had to either shoot her family quickly or the German guards would kill all her family very slowly.Her eighteen month old baby boy was ripped in both just as an example of what was going to happen to her family if she did not kill her husband, father and mother. Elli listens in stupefied silence to the most horrific event never heard until now. The Jews survived starvation in World War two by consuming raw food from the ground. These delicacies such as spudes were smuggled into a pulverization in Dreherei and washed in the toilet. These were only eaten at nighttime when the German guards were not around.One night the Jews in the factory burned a candle for Hanukkah using thread from their blankets as wicks, oil and potato halves carve hollow. It was courage which helped her to stay alive. Elli attacked an SS supervisor which is the gravest form of sabotage but she is still alive. Her mothers arm and tholepin was paralysed due to a bunk bed collapsing on her. Elli was so happy for saving her mothers arm from macrocosm broken, but which it led to two days of separation from each other.The book Elli is an account of her life being devastated in the death camps during World War Two. Her determination to stay alive saved her during innocent execute in the day prior to liberation. Her impulses told her to put from around her waist her metallic element soup bowl on her head as her surroundings were hammered with machine gun fire. She shouted to her mother to put her metal soup bowl on her head because she was looking after her brother Bubi, who had been shot in the head.

Memo and Notice of Meeting Example Essay

Please be reminded that revolutionise and efficient service is the key to a successful business. The clients you serve are the business future and maintaining a good relationship with them is very important. A good relationship with clients can only be maintain through Prompt and Efficient Service. Delivering, collecting and repairing machines promptly is vital to the survival of a company. Therefore, you are reminded to shape promptly. It is also important that there be proper communication with clients if there is a problem. We almost helpless a client as a result of improper behaviour. TES VOLUNTARY CARERS ASSOCIATION NOTICE OF mergingThe TES Voluntary Carers Association, Manchester Division, Monthly meeting will be held on Tuesday, March 27 2011 at 900 am in Room 803 on the 3rd floor of the Technical Ed. Building St Hews College, 252 Manchester Road Mandeville docket 1Call to Order 2Invocation 3Welcome/ Apologies 4Minutes of last Meeting 5Matter arising from Minutes 6Corres pondence 7Reports (a)Director of Social and inter clubbing (b)Treasurers report 8New product line 9Any Other Business 10Date of next Meeting 11Adjournment extra words The heavens slaves had the most difficult era among the different slaves. They had to work longer than any other kind of slave.They usually worked from sunrise to sunset in comparison to the house slaves who only worked a few hours. House slaves were treated far better than the field slaves as some were treated like the slave-owners children. The House slaves were kept clean, well dressed, and were allowed to speak overmuch more a lot because they served the food to the owners and their guests. In fact the house slaves were allowed to eat in the house, not at the table but usually in a back room. As for the FS, they usually ate place in the barn with the animals and were only fed enough to keep them strong enough to work.Field slaves were often whipped, sometimes for without a reason. Their jobs included hoeing, harvesting, ploughing, mowing etc. However, all the slaves whether domestic, factory or field had some things in common in terms of their lifestyle. Most of the slaves were illiterate and the masters did what they could to keep them this way for various reasons. Slaves were allocated a region of the plantation for their living quarters. Slaves houses were usually wooden shacks with dirt floors, but sometimes houses were made of boards nailed up with cracks stuffed with rags.The beds were collected pieces of straw or grass, and old rags, and only one blanket for a covering. A wiz room could have up to a dozen people-men, women, and children. Another similarity they shared was that they all had a master who they had to obey. They would be punished for murder, robbery, arson or charge upon a white person. Slaves could be killed for murder, burglary, arson, and assault upon a white person. Plantation owners believed that this severe discipline would make the slaves too scared to rebel . Slaves were also whipped.

Reinventing management practices in long-term care: how cultural evolution can affect workforce recruitment and retention Essay

anxietyIntroduction Quality way is genuinely vital to ein truth society, state, community or company because it indicates the level of performance in terms of production and its success. To limn the main points to this discussions or so heed, definitions is precise important. management basically is the way different resources are authorisationled and allocated to produce the case product that is desired in an face(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). It can excessively be defined in terms of livelihood of the organizations success and performances. The theatre directors are knotted in managing the organizations and apply different strategies of management in accordance with the aims of the organization and the hands abstruse(Sarlak, 2010, p. 92-93). In order to discuss the topic management in the 21st ampere-second extremitys to be more than of homo activity, it is important to note that for the last centuries organizations applied the written strategies by different scholars to run their organizations. The aim of this essay is to show how important it is to know the meaning of management. In foregoing degree centigrade management is associated with managers who are involve in controlling, prompt, planning and also allocating resources to their employees. To turn over this, the managers had to follow management strategies to enable them to run the organization and to classify their employees into different categories. For instance, the management theory X and Y classifies employees into ii categories (Sarlak, 2010, P. 90-93). First category theory Y is those that need not to be obligate to work and need to be motivated and second category theory X these are employees that need to be forced to work and force was applied so as to coiffe them work. In addition, leadership styles were also apply to enable the managers run the organization. For example, the management theory X and Y this theory states how different t ypes of workforce carry on in the field. It also address how employees should be motivated so as to work well(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, 68-74). The motivation of workforce is believed to be the key character to make them work well and more stiff. For instance, managers follow the management approaches to control the employees and not what they know. This distinguishes them from employees who can manage without being controlled and have more knowledge of the task at hand.Benefits of Management In theory management are procedures and policies which are formulated to enable the managers enhance the running of the organization but in reality management is more of benignant activity since the human beings are tough in seen that this procedure are applied and that the organization gets the vanquish returns(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, 68-74). Moreover, the management functions such as organizing, planning, and motivating deal with people in o ften cases. Therefore in this 21st century management is more of human activities since organizations are aimed at improving their workforce and employing the trump people to run the organization. Management is very important since it is through managing once resources that they can achieve their goal and targets. Therefore today, management is more of personal decision than that of a manager controlling people to work (Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). Most employees can work without direction of the manger since they can manage themselves. This is possible because today people are taught in learning constitute of how to manage their time, resources and also to plan. In addition, most of the employees have more knowledge and consider on how to achieve the quality residual product without being controlled by managers. It is important to have some looking at the progress of the work but when their presence hinder innovation it becomes a concern to be taken care of. Employees need to be facilitated and not controlled by managers thus the output will gain drastically. leaders style can also interfere greatly with the freedom of employees hence innovation will be hindered(Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). At a glance, leadership style that was used in earlier century instilled fear in employees which made them just do the work in accordance to the rules. In 21st century employees are free and they know their importance in an organizations and this has led to formation of organizations that represent employees rights. This is to educate employees and also make the working place conducive for the employees and employers. Management is wide area, it involves also maintenance of some other resources and how it is allocated. For example jacket crown accordingly, employees should be aware of the capital of the organization so as to learn how to maximize profit and increase the output of the company(Brannon, Kemper, Hei er-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). In earlier century, status quo was very important and most manager did not deficiency to interact with employees so as to protect their status. It is the dream of every one to be a manager but if being a manager it hinders innovation then it is good to be in the same level with employees. In todays world, innovation has be embraced and people are moving with very high speed to innovate. Moreover, more organizations are coming up and competition is high therefore management should be more of human activity allowing employees to be part of it and making decision that are effective. cogitate is good example of involving employees in decision making and problem solving (Brannon, Kemper, Heier-Leitzell, & Stott, 2010, p. 68-74). It allow the employees to give ideas on a certain question and how to solve the problem. Managers should embrace different modes of involving employees directly or indirectly in running the organization. Management is mor e of human activity even if the organization uses machine to get the end product since human beings control or operate the machine. Some machine are not operated without experience and skills to use it, not all managers have skills and knowledge of how to operate the machines. This is because the role is based on managerial approaches and they strictly follow the procedures that are stipulated in the organization(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In this century, managers are more active and are the ones component part in motivating the employees. The organizations are now more concerned with increasing profit and being effective by training and encouraging their employees to be innovative. In this century, for an organization to acquire new machinery, also need to train its employees on how to use it. Therefore the employees feel motivated and important since their skills are improved (Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). distant the earlier industr ies where if a machine was acquired then the employee who knew how to operate was given a chance to work and the tolerate were dispensed off. 21st century employees are more important to management team and are involved in major decision of the organizations. It is important to work in a conducive environment so as to nurture creativity in the organization. The scholars wrote what an ideal organization structure should look like and it is the handicraft of the leaders and manager to improve this ideas and come out with the best part of it.Factors Influencing Management Innovation is very important and every organization ought to encourage an environment that can enhance it. In todays world, the employees are given opportunity to view their ideas and also to innovate. Unlike the past years where employees could not peach nor give views of how a product can be improved (Nolan, 2008, p. 54). The manager had a role to square off on what to be done even if it means forcing people to work. When management become more of human activity than procedures to control, then the business will grow drastically. The products of an organization highly depend on the human resource to implement the other resources to achieve the end product(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In addition, when employees are more involved in management they have a sense of belonging and their goals is to see that organization is growing. Furthermore where employees are involved in giving suggestion on the products improvement, they give their best ideas thus managers can pick the best ideas and implement. However, it is not easy to make the employees be innovative in a harsh environment therefore the mangers should be willing to balance power (Nolan, 2008 p. 44). Today every organization aim to be the best competitor in the industry thus hiring the best employees and those that can manage their time and resources effectively which is alone possible if employees are allowed to innovate and be creative. It is important to note that managers today must interact with their employees preferably than commanding and directing on how the work should be done. It is clear that most employees have more ideas about the work than the managers since the deal with the resources in day to day life. The type of leadership style that is used in the organization should be more of encouraging the employees to be more creative and innovative. Generally, in 21st century management is more of human activity in contrast with the earlier century where people had no opportunity to be involved in decision making (Sarlak, 2010, p. 91-93). Everyone would like to be part of a successful innovation and also success. Achieving this is only through allowing the employees to be part of management and not the other way round. It is clear that today there more innovation coming up than the earlier years since people are allowed to come up with more ways to improve their organization. Emp loyees are not servants of a manger but an asset that need to well utilized to yield more profit and also to be motivated to aim for high goals of the organization(Peterson, Smith, Martorana, & Owens, 2003, p.795). In conclusion, it is possible to achieve this if employees will be involved in management and also have a say into the leadership style of the organization.Conclusion Management should not be for the managers and leaders only but also the employees of the company have an important role to play. A manager should motivate the employees and help them to achieve their goals. Therefore, management in 21st century is more of human activity unlike the earlier century where it was more of managerial post. It is said that practice makes it completed therefore managers should interact with employees to make the work perfectly and also share their knowledge and experience.ReferencesBrannon, S. D., Kemper, P., Heier-Leitzell, B., & Stott, A. (2010). Reinventing management practices in long-term care how cultural evolution can affect workforce recruitment and retention. Generations, 34(4), 68-74.Nolan, W. T. (2008). Wealth of enterprises a new foundation for economics and management. S.l., Author house.Pg. 44-59Peterson, R. S., Smith, D. B., Martorana, P. V., & Owens, P. D. (2003). The impact of chief executive officer personality on top management team dynamics one mechanism by which leadership affects organizational performance. diary of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 795.Sarlak, M. A. (2010). The new faces of organizations in the 21st century management and business reference book. Toronto, Naisit Publishers. Pg. 90-93Source memorandum

Biology Post Lab on Osmosis and Diffusion

Brian Toohey Biology Mrs. Heimforth 12/06/10 Diffuse the Osmosis portion 2 Introduction Step 1 The scientific concept of this testing ground was to see how osmosis transferred the substance through the cells to r distributively equilibrium. Step 2 My hypothesis was that the grasp with 60% saccharose then it would be heavier than the bag with tap body of piss or 30% sucrose. I thought this because I thought that there would be more of a substance change in 60% sucrose. constituent 3 Methods First get 3 pieces of the same length of tubing then get 6 pieces of string. Fold one half of the tube over and tie the end with string.Then add 5 ml of 30% sucrose solution in the tubes. Squeeze the bag gently to release air come out it over and tie it with another piece of string. Rinse bags under water then dry. Then moot bags to nearest tenth of a gram and record. Then place one bag in each of the beakers. Then let them sit for 30 minutes do not touch. Remove bags quickly sweep and dry and reweigh. Then record results. Section 4 Results Step 1 60% sucrose 30% sucrose Tap Water before 6. 2 4. 6 5. 4 after 4. 3 4. 5 4. 8 Step 2 As the sucrose decreases so does the weight.I have found that when you decrease the arrive of sucrose it will cause the water to go outward making the bag weigh less(prenominal). Section 5 Step 1 The lab experimentation did not hold back my hypothesis because the weight diminish more with the sucrose. Step 2 The specific data that made my hypothesis wrong is the fact that when we added less sucrose the after weight decreased as shown in my graph. Step 3 The results did not support my hypothesis because when the water was greater on the inside it went outside by using osmosis but when the water was greater on the outside it went inside making the bag heavier.Step 4 When we were conducting the experiment one bag might have sat in the cups to long. Step 5 I have learned that water is the only thing that can be sent through the ce ll without using energy. I in like manner learned that through diffusion smell spreads. Step 6 I learned that it is very badly to keep track of things you dont label it takes a lot of memory. )Section 6 References Postlehwait, John H. , and Janet L. Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin Holt, Rinehard, and Winston, 2006. 65-73. yarn-dye

“Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus” – Shakespeare – Othello, Act 1 Scene 3

The concept of fate and mint has fascinated humans for centuries. The idea that our lives are preordained and set in the stars has seemed to be an easy stance to resume on ones heart, especially when it does non take us in the route we desire. The Greeks were a nation preoccupy with fate and created myths such as Oedipus and The Fates to illustrate the outer powers that control our lives. These ideas confuse of course been continued throughout biography and helped to shape our views on the true control that we hold over our future.Even in todays baseball club of an ever-expanding bring in place with greater opportunities, we are constantly reminded of a fate like control whether it is from a religious influence or daily horoscopes. Hardy himself was obsessed with fate and it is a theme that runs throughout mevery of his texts such as Far From the Madding Crowd and Mayor of Casterbridge. It is this fixation with a predetermined layout of our lives that begs me to question the circumstance as to whether the character Jude is in fact destined to fail, no matter how hard he flora or how pious he behaves.It seems that Judes family history hides the preordained life planed out for him, with marriage a dark mystery never to be entered into lightly, if at all. McCourt also has to struggle not only past his own families history in the USA nevertheless also a society that seems to seal his fate as a low class Catholic Irishman wanting to better himself academically, as with Jude. So how groundwork such corresponding characters that face such comparable lives end up with completely different outcomes? Is it fate at work or merely a case of stronger and weaker personalities with less or greater determination?With such identical tales to tell but ultimately different endings it is easy to suggest that fate has chosen different paths for the two of our characters. two McCourt and Jude seek to better themselves from the refuse class upbringings they both shar e. McCourt lived not only through the poverty but the pompous priests, the shiftless loquacious alcoholic father, the pious defeated mother and the bullying school masters. McCourts early life in New York consisted of living in squalor with rags as clothes and sour milk as his food.After the death of his upstarter sister the McCourts familys problems seem to increase with his fathers alcoholism reappearing and his mothers depression reaching late heights. It was often left to neighbours to clean and feed McCourt and his siblings as lack of money caused Angela and Malachy, McCourts parents, the inability to provide the necessities for their children. The backward setting of the American Depression, which is mentioned on various occasions, sets the context and helps to explain why the McCourt family is so poor parenthesis from the wasted money on alcohol by the father.Judes childhood as an orphan raised by his working class great Aunt is also one of low class stigmatas, although t he poverty is not there as within McCourts memoirs. Jude appears to live a comfortable life with the necessities but never any of the riches that high or even middle class families may enjoy. Class division is a theme that runs through both novels and is a problem that both McCourt and Jude face throughout their lives. It is not until the lam back to Limerick in Ireland and as Frank McCourt has aged that any class distinction becomes noticeable to the young McCourt.Because of the low class status Jude and McCourt hold as youths both characters find that they are unfairly denied many another(prenominal) opportunities even though they both have the intelligence and eagerness to learn. religious belief also plays a orotund role in both McCourt and Judes life, but neither character is shown the mercy and lenity that the Church is suppositional to offer its followers. Jude Fawely wishes to join the church as it is seen as an accademically significant career. The lourion Jude faces from his ecclesiastical betters in Christminster lead him to in turn dismiss the church and its believes.Jude finds himself in a chaos of principles groping in the dark playing by instinct and not after example. Hardys novel is brimming with biblical allusions and quotations, yet it portrays a origination in which displays of religious belief are largely a luxury of the emotional and leisured classes. Religion also has a large influence over the actions of Frank McCourt. It is also the Church that prevents McCourt having the opportunity to moreover his education as the Church runs his local Catholic grammar school, and due to his slum like appearance they reject him.As a child McCourt is in constant fear of the Church, its clergy, Hell and God. The Church is meant to be a service of guidance, but to McCourt its ideas conflict with his own feelings and emotions. For a long time during McCourts life he feels that he is already condemned to an eternity in hell. These feelings grew f rom his experiences, McCourt feels guilty about his own sexual feelings and actions, as well as any other small sin any young child would be likely to commit.McCourts check of the Church is only increased when he returns to America and is propositioned by a priest on his runner night. McCourt is left with the feeling that God torments you. Family history is a large problem that haunts both characters in these novels. Jude is primed(p) under the impression that there is a curse on his family that prevents any successful marriage. His own parents terminate up dead, which is seen due to their marriage, and his great Aunt has stayed away from marriage all her life, The Fawleys were not made for union it never seemed to sit well upon us.It is true that Judes first marriage to Arabella Donn is a failure, however it is not the statute of marriage that seems to be the problem for Jude as even Sue Bridesheads avoidance of marriage can not prevent the ultimate failure of there partnershi p. It can also be said that the lower class upbringing Jude had been given by his Aunt led to the demise of any hopes Jude may have held to gaining a further education and career within the church.McCourt also holds some demons from his families past that he carries with him throughout his childhood and that surface during his adult life as well. The curse of the Irish is one that follows McCourt to America with him. His own Fathers drinkable problem that cast the McCourt family into poverty, is continued by a depressed Frank McCourt who believes he his failing in his dreams. McCourt always feels like an outsider in the same way that Jude always feels an inferior in the city of Christminster to the intellects that surround him.